Logwood – is the heartwood of the logwood tree, Haematoxylon campechianum. It yields deep, rich, red purples to orchid blues and has been prized as a dyestuff since the 16th century. The logwood tree grows in Mexico, Central America, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Brazil, the Guyannas, Madagascar, and India. Mixed with iron, logwood gives good blacks – a colour difficult to achieve with natural dyes. Logwood has good washfastness but moderate lightfastness – a bit of iron improves the lightfastness dramatically. Logwood chips will give a medium depth of shade at 10-15% WOF.
For many years we sold Logwood extract - it has become increasingly rare. If using the extract, it is very easily dissolved and can be used directly in the dyebath at 0.5-1% WOF for a medium shade.
Mordanting: use alum mordant at 15% WOF for protein fibres. For cellulose mordant with tannin at 8% WOF and then alum at 15%, or alum acetate at 8%.
Dyeing: For chips - pour enough boiling water over the logwood chips to make a dyebath and soak overnight. Pour off this liquid and use for the first (and strongest) dyebath. Simmer fibres for about one hour, keeping temperature of dyebath between 77-83ºC (170-180ºF). If a darker colour is required leave fibres in dyebath overnight. The logwood chips can be soaked again and the liquid used for lighter shades.
Logwood develops best in slightly hard water. Adding finely ground chalk (or a Tum’s tablet) brightens the logwood colour, especially if there is no lime in the local water. Cream of tartar can be added (at approximately 6% WOF) to push logwood to a purple-navy, adding osage or fustic gives grey-greens, cochineal gives purples, coffee bean browns are obtained by adding cutch, navy can be had with a dip in indigo, greys to blacks are made with the addition of iron.
For in-depth information on natural dyes see our Guide to Natural Dyes available on naturaldyes.ca. Also available as a Printable PDF
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